先秦道家与《黄帝内经》“心”范畴研究

硕士生：罗浩

北京中医药大学
硕士研究生学位论文

题 目：先秦道家与《黄帝内经》“心”范畴研究
专 业：中医医史文献
研究方向：东方心理学与中医哲学
硕 士 生：罗浩
导 师：张其成 教授

二○○五年六月

目 录
中文摘要
Abstract
前 言
第一部分 先秦道家文献中的“心”范畴
1 “心”字的词义
1.1 心的字形
1.2 心字的释义
2 先秦道家文献关于“心”范畴的材料、注释及分析
2.1 《老子》
2.2 《庄子》
2. 3 《列子》
2. 4 《文子》
2. 5 《鹖冠子》
2. 6 《尹文子》
2. 7 《管子》四篇（《心术上》、《心术下》、《白心》、《内业》）
.
3 先秦道家文献中“心”范畴内涵总结
第二部分 《黄帝内经》中的“心”范畴
1 《黄帝内经·素问》
1.1 《素问》中提到“心”字的词句及其主要注释：
1.2《素问》中“心”范畴内涵
2 《黄帝内经·灵枢》
2.1 《灵枢》中提到“心”字的词句及其主要注释：
2.2 《灵枢》中“心”范畴的内涵
3 《黄帝内经》中“心”范畴内涵总结
第三部分 先秦道家与《黄帝内经》 “心”范畴比较
1 脏腑的“心”与藏象的“心”
2 “主血脉”的“心”与“主神明”的“心”
3 属“土”的“心”与属“火”的“心”
4 精神心理的“心”和藏象之“心”
5 文化的“心”与医学科学的“心”
致 谢
个人简历

中文文摘：
本文选取主要的传世先秦道家文献及《黄帝内经》，穷尽列举每一文本中出现“心”字的词句，再选取学界比较公认的历代主要注家的注释罗列于后，并参考作者所见的、当代知名学者的相关研究，立足原始文本，分析整理，力图描述先秦道家和《黄帝内经》中“心”范畴的差异与联系。象形汉字“心”最早是指解剖学的心脏，而先秦道家文献中主要则指人的精神心理。《老子》在其无为之“道”的主题下旁及讨论了“心”的问题。《庄子》则几乎整个人生论都在“心”的论述中展开，由“道”及“心”，很大的发展了道总领下的“心”的学说。《列子》论及“心”时又进一步，表现为对“心”认识的深化，以“知”为心的所能。《文子》、《鹖冠子》再进一步，以心为身之主，推而及国，完成其“身—家—国—天下”一体的思想。《尹文子》中“心”范畴体现出的进步在于，哲学认识上的加深，“心”具有了“性”的意味。到《管子》则是一个大综合，对“心”范畴的认识已经很系统化、体系化了。作为中医学的奠基之作，《黄帝内经》中的“心”范畴为藏象之心，其主血脉和藏神的内涵在同一层次，而心为五脏六腑之大主、为神之舍的内涵是另一个层次。总体而言，“心”范畴指精神心理的内涵先起而且影响更广，“心”作为藏象之心的内涵为《黄帝内经》所独有，二者互相影响，在后世“心”范畴的发展中有体现。

外文文摘：
This thesis selects the central literatures of Pre-QinTaoism and HuangdiNeijing which were handed down from ancient times. Enumerate the whole sentences including the word Heart in every chosen text. And set out the scholiums of scholars who were accepted by the academia. Refer to the research of scholars of the time , base on the original text, by analyzing and reorganizing. The writer try to describe the difference and relation of heart concept between the Pre-QinTaoism and HuangdiNeijing. It is parallel to study the historical literatures and to restructure the historical event. Not only the absence and counterfeit of the book itself,but also the historical conditions and the character involved the book will lead to diversiform imaginary possibility. By the analyse and reorganization, this thesis will educe the possibilities as follows: The word Heart in hieroglyph means heart in anatomy, however, it means mind and spirit in most literatures of Pre-QinTaoism. The treatise of the Heart is infrequent in the Laozi. In the Zhuangzi, the Heart means the scratch line and end-result of the life accomplishment. The Heart in literature of the Liezi is assumed the function of the knowledge. The Heart is Sovran of the five viscera and six bowles in the Wenzi and the Heguanzi. Because they believe it is similar among the body, family, the state and world. Therefore the management of the Heart is the fundamentality of the family fathering and state governing. The four articles in the Guanzi is a integration. It illuminates the meaning of the Heart profoundly and particularly. The HuangdiNeijing is the primary production of the traditional medicine. It holds the point that the Heart’s concept is the Heart of Zangxiang. The blood and vessels governing and the spirit light governing are in the same grade. As the superior Sovran of the five viscera and six bowles and as the home of the mind ,the concept of the Heart is in the higher rank. On the whole, it is a preexistent and sweeping stipulation that the concept of the Heart senses spirit and mind. And the Heart expressing the Heart of Zangxiang is an unique meaning in HuangdiNeijing. This two meanings interact with each other in the progress of heart concept.

中文关键词：范畴 精神心理 心 先秦道家 藏象